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Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"ipl-toss-18-seasons","title":"The IPL Toss: 19 Seasons of Data, 0.2 Percentage Points of Advantage","category":"strategy","publishedAt":"2026-06-23","finding":"Toss-winning captains who elected to field won 54.4% of matches in IPL 2008–2026 — just 0.2 percentage points above the base chase win rate across 1,146 matches.","numbers":[{"label":"Matches analysed","value":"1,146","note":"19 IPL seasons, 2008–2026"},{"label":"Overall chase win rate","value":"54.2%","note":"621 of 1,146 matches"},{"label":"Captains who elected to field","value":"65.5%","note":"750 of 1,146 toss winners"},{"label":"Toss-elect-field win rate","value":"54.4%","note":"408 of 750 field-electing captains"},{"label":"Toss-elect-bat win rate","value":"46.2%","note":"183 of 396 bat-electing captains"},{"label":"Net toss field advantage","value":"+0.2pp","note":"vs. base chase rate of 54.2%"}],"whySurprising":"The IPL toss is the most-discussed pre-match moment in cricket broadcasts. 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Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"mlc-powerplay-sr-vs-ipl","title":"Four MLC Batters Above Kohli's IPL 2026 Powerplay Strike Rate","category":"cross-league","publishedAt":"2026-06-23","finding":"Four MLC batters post career powerplay strike rates above Kohli's IPL 2026 figure of 174.8 — MJ Owen leads at 194.3 across 123 balls (min. 30 balls each).","numbers":[{"label":"MJ Owen (MLC career)","value":"SR 194.3","note":"123 powerplay balls"},{"label":"MS Wade (MLC career)","value":"SR 190.3","note":"72 powerplay balls"},{"label":"FH Allen (MLC career)","value":"SR 188.0","note":"225 powerplay balls"},{"label":"R Ravindra (MLC career)","value":"SR 187.6","note":"129 powerplay balls"},{"label":"Virat Kohli (IPL 2026)","value":"SR 174.8","note":"206 powerplay balls, 360 runs"},{"label":"Sample floor","value":"30 balls","note":"Minimum for inclusion in both datasets"}],"whySurprising":"MLC is in its third season. Kohli's 2026 IPL powerplay is among the best in the world — 206 balls at 174.8, the benchmark that most IPL openers don't reach. Four MLC batters, playing in a league that began in 2023, exceed it on career figures. Owen's 194.3 across 123 balls is not a small-sample curiosity. The MLC talent ceiling, at powerplay batting, is already visibly inside IPL benchmark range.","scopeLimits":["MLC figures are career across all MLC seasons (2023–2025). Not per-season or single-season.","IPL 2026 figure is Kohli's current-season stat only — not his career IPL powerplay rate.","Different league, different opposition quality, different venue dimensions.","Minimum 30 powerplay balls for inclusion — removes players with very limited exposure."],"provenance":"MLC figures: CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet MLC corpus (CC BY 3.0), data/_season-stats-mlc.json, all seasons 2023–2025. IPL 2026 figure: CricketStudio aggregation of ball-by-ball, data/_season-stats.json. Computed 2026-06-23."},{"slug":"rcb-2026-what-the-data-said","title":"RCB's 2026 IPL Title: What Kohli's Season Said Before the Final","category":"season","publishedAt":"2026-06-23","finding":"RCB won back-to-back IPL titles in 2025 and 2026. In 2026, Kohli scored 675 runs at powerplay SR 174.8 across 16 matches — 206 powerplay balls.","numbers":[{"label":"Kohli 2026 total runs","value":"675","note":"16 matches, 407 balls faced"},{"label":"Kohli 2026 matches","value":"16","note":"Full IPL 2026 campaign"},{"label":"Kohli PP strike rate","value":"174.8","note":"206 powerplay balls, 360 PP runs"},{"label":"IPL 2026 final","value":"RCB 161/5 vs GT 155/8","note":"Rain-reduced, 18 overs — 2026-06-01"},{"label":"Kohli in the final","value":"75 off 42 balls","note":"Match-winning innings"},{"label":"RCB consecutive titles","value":"2025 and 2026","note":"Two IPL titles in two seasons"}],"whySurprising":"RCB went 18 seasons without an IPL title, then won back-to-back. The data portrait of their 2026 campaign is Kohli at a powerplay strike rate that places him above any previous season of his IPL career — 174.8 across 206 balls. The final against GT was rain-reduced to 18 overs; RCB chased 156 in 17.5. Kohli's 75(42) was the first innings he'd scored 70+ in an IPL final. The season didn't just produce a title — it produced a Kohli season statistical profile unlike any prior.","scopeLimits":["IPL 2026 only (73 played matches; 1 match abandoned). Kohli figures cover the full 2026 campaign including the final.","Powerplay defined as overs 1–6. No adjustment for field restrictions or early wickets.","Final match details (GT 155/8 vs RCB 161/5, 18 overs) from season records.","Does not include Kohli's pre-2026 IPL career comparison — this is a single-season portrait."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of IPL 2026 ball-by-ball data. Kohli stats: data/_season-stats.json. Season total: 73 played matches (74 scheduled, 1 no-result), 312,309 deliveries across corpus. Computed 2026-06-23."},{"slug":"ipl-impact-player-era","title":"IPL's Biggest Scoring Jump Happened the Season Impact Player Arrived","category":"era","publishedAt":"2026-06-23","finding":"IPL 2023 — the season the Impact Player substitution rule launched — saw scoring jump 9.3 runs per innings (155.8→165.1), the largest single-season rise in the 19-year corpus.","numbers":[{"label":"IPL 2022 avg (last pre-Impact season)","value":"155.8 runs/innings","note":"No Impact Player rule"},{"label":"IPL 2023 avg (first Impact season)","value":"165.1 runs/innings","note":"+9.3 — largest single-season jump in corpus"},{"label":"IPL 2024 avg","value":"173.6 runs/innings","note":"+8.5 from 2023 — second largest jump"},{"label":"IPL 2025 avg","value":"171.0 runs/innings","note":"Third consecutive above-165 season"},{"label":"Post-Impact avg (2023–2025)","value":"169.9 runs/innings","note":"3 seasons; pre-Impact Era 3 avg ~155.5"},{"label":"All-time highest before 2023","value":"~158 runs/innings","note":"No prior season exceeded 160"}],"whySurprising":"The Impact Player rule — which lets teams deploy an 11th specialist who can substitute in after the powerplay — was designed for tactical flexibility, not to boost scoring. Yet the three seasons after its launch (2023: 165.1, 2024: 173.6, 2025: 171.0) are the three highest-scoring IPL seasons in 19-year history. The 2022→2023 jump of 9.3 runs exceeds every prior single-season rise in the corpus. Whether the rule caused the surge or coincided with a broader power-hitting revolution is contested — but the timing is precise: the last pre-Impact season (2022: 155.8) and the first with it (2023: 165.1) mark the sharpest scoring boundary in IPL history.","scopeLimits":["Covers Cricsheet IPL corpus 2008–2026, 1,242 matches across 19 seasons.","Impact Player rule launched IPL 2023; allows one non-XI specialist to bat or bowl.","Per-season averages are innings-level; per-game variance is high.","IPL 2026 data is now included in the Cricsheet corpus."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). Season averages from data/_season-stats-ipl-historical.json. 1,242 matches · 19 seasons · 2008–2026. Computed 2026-06-23."},{"slug":"chepauk-bat-first-fortress","title":"Chepauk: IPL's Only Bat-First Fortress","category":"venue","publishedAt":"2026-06-30","finding":"MA Chidambaram Stadium (Chepauk) is the only major IPL venue where batting first wins more often: 55.1% bat-first rate across 89 matches, 12 seasons.","numbers":[{"label":"Matches analysed","value":"89","note":"12 of 19 IPL seasons (2008–2026)"},{"label":"Bat-first win rate","value":"55.1%","note":"49 of 89 matches — only major venue above 50%"},{"label":"Chase win rate","value":"44.9%","note":"40 of 89 matches"},{"label":"% captains electing to bat","value":"53.9%","note":"48 of 89 toss winners — vs 34.5% league-wide"},{"label":"Toss-elect-bat win rate","value":"56.3%","note":"27 of 48 captains who chose to bat"},{"label":"Toss-elect-field win rate","value":"46.3%","note":"19 of 41 captains who chose to field"}],"whySurprising":"At every other major IPL venue, chasing wins more often. Chepauk uniquely reverses the trend — the only venue in the major list where batting first gives a genuine statistical edge. Captains seem to half-know this: 53.9% elect to bat here, versus just 34.5% league-wide. When they do, they win 56.3% of the time. The slow, turning pitch at Chepauk tends to deteriorate across the match — batting second becomes progressively harder. The data reflects what experienced Chennai pitch-readers have long said.","scopeLimits":["Covers IPL 2008–2026 (Cricsheet corpus).","89 matches across 12 of 19 seasons — venue was not used in all seasons.","No adjustment for pitch preparation, weather, dew, or team quality.","\"Major venue\" defined as ≥30 IPL matches in the corpus."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). 89 matches at MA Chidambaram Stadium in docs/match/ipl-cs-*/. Computed 2026-06-30. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"kkr-vs-mi-most-lopsided","title":"KKR vs MI: The Most Lopsided Major IPL Rivalry","category":"rivalry","publishedAt":"2026-06-30","finding":"Mumbai Indians lead KKR 24–11 across 35 IPL meetings — a 13-match gap over 19 seasons, the largest of any major IPL rivalry with 30+ games.","numbers":[{"label":"Total meetings","value":"35","note":"0 no-results, 19 seasons (2008–2026)"},{"label":"MI wins","value":"24","note":"68.6% win rate"},{"label":"KKR wins","value":"11","note":"31.4% win rate"},{"label":"Win gap","value":"13 matches","note":"Largest gap in any 30+-match IPL rivalry"},{"label":"CSK vs MI (39 games)","value":"3-match gap","note":"MI 21–18 CSK — the closest major rivalry"},{"label":"MI vs RR (30 games)","value":"2-match gap","note":"MI 16–14 RR — closest of all"}],"whySurprising":"KKR are a five-title franchise — level with CSK at the top of the all-time title list. Yet against MI, they have the worst H2H record of any major rivalry, losing 68.6% of 35 meetings. This is not a recent run of form: the gap accumulated across 19 seasons. By comparison, the two most balanced major rivalries (MI–RR and CSK–MI) show gaps of just 2 and 3 wins. KKR vs MI is structurally lopsided in a way the other rivalries are not.","scopeLimits":["Covers IPL 2008–2026 (Cricsheet corpus).","\"Major rivalry\" defined as ≥30 meetings between franchises active throughout the corpus period.","Playoff and final matches included at equal weight to league stage."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). All docs/match/ipl-cs-* with home/away teams KKR and MI, 2008–2026. Computed 2026-06-30. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"ipl-scoring-three-eras","title":"IPL Scoring Across Three Eras: 141.6, 149.5, 161.0","category":"era","publishedAt":"2026-06-30","finding":"Average IPL team scores rose 19.4 runs over three eras: 141.6 (2008–2012) → 149.5 (2013–2018) → 161.0 (2019–2025) across 1,242 total matches.","numbers":[{"label":"Era 1 avg (2008–2012)","value":"141.6 runs/innings","note":"5 seasons"},{"label":"Era 2 avg (2013–2018)","value":"149.5 runs/innings","note":"6 seasons — +7.9 from Era 1"},{"label":"Era 3 avg (2019–2025)","value":"161.0 runs/innings","note":"7 seasons — +11.5 from Era 2"},{"label":"Total increase","value":"+19.4 runs","note":"Era 1 → Era 3"},{"label":"Total matches","value":"1,242","note":"19 IPL seasons, 2008–2026"},{"label":"2024 (peak season)","value":"173.6 runs/innings","note":"Highest single season in corpus"}],"whySurprising":"The Era 2→3 acceleration (+11.5 runs) is 45% larger than the Era 1→2 jump (+7.9 runs). The scoring increase itself accelerated. The 2019 IPL coincided with a global power-hitting revolution — flat pitches, boundary-optimized preparation, and a generation of batters trained in the T20 format from junior level. By Era 3's end (2025), average scores had reached 171.0 — territory where Era 1's highest-scoring games once lived. The shift is structural, not a one-season spike.","scopeLimits":["Era boundaries are defined by this index (not by format rule changes or franchise changes).","IPL 2021 was held at neutral venues (UAE); included in Era 3.","Season averages computed per innings (batting innings, not team innings).","Averages weighted equally by season within each era (not by match count per season)."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_ipl-historical-trend-data.json, 1,242 matches, 2008–2026. Computed 2026-06-30. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"narendra-modi-stadium-toss-trap","title":"Narendra Modi Stadium: Where the Majority Strategy Loses","category":"strategy","publishedAt":"2026-06-30","finding":"At Narendra Modi Stadium, 72.7% of toss-winning captains elect to field — yet they win only 46.9% of those encounters, below chance, across 44 IPL matches.","numbers":[{"label":"Matches analysed","value":"44","note":"8 seasons (2008–2026)"},{"label":"Overall chase win rate","value":"50.0%","note":"Exactly 22 of 44 — perfectly neutral"},{"label":"% captains electing to field","value":"72.7%","note":"32 of 44 toss winners"},{"label":"Win rate — toss-elect-field","value":"46.9%","note":"15 of 32 — below 50%"},{"label":"% captains electing to bat","value":"27.3%","note":"12 of 44 toss winners"},{"label":"Win rate — toss-elect-bat","value":"56.3%","note":"9 of 12 — above 50%"}],"whySurprising":"IPL-wide, electing to field after winning the toss yields 54.4% wins. At Narendra Modi Stadium, the same decision yields only 46.9% — below the coin-flip baseline. The contrarian strategy (elect to bat, chosen by just 27.3% of toss winners) produces a 56.3% win rate. This makes Narendra Modi Stadium the only major IPL venue where the dominant captain strategy underperforms the alternative. The stadium hosts IPL finals and knockout matches — meaning the wrong instinct operates at the highest stakes.","scopeLimits":["44-match sample across 8 seasons. The elect-to-bat pool is just 12 matches — small-sample caveat applies.","Narendra Modi Stadium primarily hosts later-round matches; team quality mix may not represent the full league.","IPL 2026 final matches excluded from this corpus."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). 44 matches at Narendra Modi Stadium in docs/match/ipl-cs-*/. Computed 2026-06-30. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"kohli-ipl-2024-season","title":"Kohli's IPL 2024: 741 Runs, Leading by 158","category":"season","publishedAt":"2026-06-30","finding":"Kohli scored 741 runs in IPL 2024 at average 61.75 and SR 154.7 — leading the season by 158 runs over second-place Ruturaj Gaikwad (583), across 15 innings.","numbers":[{"label":"Total runs (IPL 2024)","value":"741","note":"15 innings"},{"label":"Batting average","value":"61.75","note":"Across 15 innings in 2024"},{"label":"Strike rate","value":"154.7","note":""},{"label":"Gap to 2nd (Gaikwad)","value":"158 runs","note":"Gaikwad 583 in 2024"},{"label":"2024 top wicket-taker","value":"24 wkts","note":"Harshal Patel (HV Patel)"},{"label":"2nd wicket-taker (2024)","value":"21 wkts","note":"K. Varun Chakravarthy (CV Varun)"}],"whySurprising":"2016 is remembered as Kohli's \"greatest IPL season\" — 973 runs, the most in a single season in the full corpus. But 2024 is where his per-innings average peaked at 61.75. At 35, he maintained a consistency across 15 innings that his volume seasons didn't match on an average basis. His 158-run lead over the next batter was the largest margin in an IPL season in recent memory. The 2024 season was statistically his most efficient campaign — measured by average rather than aggregate.","scopeLimits":["IPL 2024 only (19 seasons of corpus). Does not compare to all historical seasons.","Average computed as runs/dismissals across 2024. Excludes not-out adjustments.","Wicket-taker comparison is IPL 2024 season only, not career."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_ipl-historical-trend-data.json, IPL 2024 season data. Computed 2026-06-30. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"wankhede-bowl-first-culture","title":"Wankhede: 76.6% Elect to Bowl, 54.8% Win Chasing","category":"venue","publishedAt":"2026-07-07","finding":"76.6% of toss-winning captains elect to bowl at Wankhede across 124 IPL matches — yet chasing teams win only 54.8%, below the 57.6% achieved at Eden Gardens.","numbers":[{"label":"Matches analysed","value":"124","note":"15 seasons (2008–2026)"},{"label":"% captains electing to field","value":"76.6%","note":"95 of 124 toss winners"},{"label":"Chase win rate","value":"54.8%","note":"68 of 124 matches"},{"label":"Win rate — toss-elect-field","value":"54.7%","note":"52 of 95"},{"label":"Win rate — toss-elect-bat","value":"44.8%","note":"13 of 29"},{"label":"Eden Gardens (comparison)","value":"57.6%","note":"Chase win rate, 67.7% elect-field, 99 matches"}],"whySurprising":"Wankhede is IPL's most heavily bowl-first venue by captain preference (76.6%). But its actual chase win rate (54.8%) is unremarkable by major-venue standards — below Eden Gardens (57.6%), which captains bowl-first at a much lower rate (67.7%). The preference exceeds the data. Wankhede's chase-friendly reputation is partially earned — chasing teams do win more than they bat first — but captains over-index on it relative to what the numbers support.","scopeLimits":["Covers IPL 2008–2026 (Cricsheet corpus).","124 matches over 15 seasons. No adjustment for dew, pitch preparation, or team quality.","Comparison to Eden Gardens is for contextual framing only — different conditions and match-mix."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). 124 matches at Wankhede Stadium in docs/match/ipl-cs-*/. Computed 2026-07-07. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"csk-vs-rcb-south-derby","title":"CSK vs RCB: The South Indian Derby, 21–13","category":"rivalry","publishedAt":"2026-07-07","finding":"CSK lead RCB 21–13 in 34 IPL meetings across 16 seasons — zero no-results, 61.8% CSK win rate in IPL's most-contested South Indian derby.","numbers":[{"label":"Total meetings","value":"34","note":"0 no-results, 16 seasons (2008–2026)"},{"label":"CSK wins","value":"21","note":"61.8% win rate"},{"label":"RCB wins","value":"13","note":"38.2% win rate"},{"label":"Win gap","value":"8 matches","note":""},{"label":"For comparison — CSK vs MI (39 games)","value":"3-match gap","note":"The closest major rivalry"},{"label":"Active seasons","value":"16 of 18","note":"Both franchises played all 16 eligible seasons"}],"whySurprising":"RCB went 18 seasons without an IPL title before their back-to-back wins in 2025 and 2026. Despite that historic run of near-misses, they still managed 13 wins in 34 meetings against CSK — a five-title franchise. But at 38.2% against CSK, RCB's derby record stands as one of their starker historical weaknesses. With CSK winning 61.8%, this is among the clearer franchise dominance stories in the IPL H2H data.","scopeLimits":["Covers IPL 2008–2026 (Cricsheet corpus).","Playoff and final matches included at equal weight to league stage.","\"South Indian derby\" is contextual framing — both teams are based in South India."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). All docs/match/ipl-cs-* with home/away teams CSK and RCB, 2008–2026. Computed 2026-07-07. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"ipl-2024-peak-scoring","title":"IPL 2024: The Highest-Scoring Season in 19 Years","category":"era","publishedAt":"2026-07-07","finding":"IPL 2024 averaged 173.6 runs per innings across 74 matches — the highest single-season figure in the 19-year Cricsheet corpus, 2.6 above 2025's 171.0.","numbers":[{"label":"IPL 2024 avg","value":"173.6 runs/innings","note":"74 matches — highest in corpus"},{"label":"IPL 2025 avg","value":"171.0 runs/innings","note":"2nd highest — gap to 2024: 2.6"},{"label":"IPL 2023 avg","value":"165.1 runs/innings","note":"3rd highest"},{"label":"IPL 2022 avg","value":"155.8 runs/innings","note":""},{"label":"Era 3 avg (2019–2025)","value":"161.0 runs/innings","note":"2024 is 12.6 above era mean"},{"label":"Era 1 avg (2008–2012)","value":"141.6 runs/innings","note":"2024 is 32 above 2008–2012 baseline"}],"whySurprising":"2024's 173.6 marks an 8.5-run jump from 2023 (165.1) — bigger than any single-year jump in the prior decade. The following season (2025: 171.0) held near the peak, confirming that 2024 was not an outlier but a new structural baseline. In absolute terms, 173.6 sits 32 runs above the Era 1 average (141.6), meaning an average 2024 IPL innings would have been a high-scoring innings by 2008 standards. The transformation is generational.","scopeLimits":["Covers IPL matches in Cricsheet corpus (2008–2026).","Season averages computed per innings. Includes league stage and playoffs.","Individual season comparison (e.g., 2021 in UAE, 2009 in South Africa) not controlled for venue effects."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_ipl-historical-trend-data.json. Season-by-season averages. Computed 2026-07-07. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"mlc-batting-average-elite","title":"MLC's Batting Average Elite: Hetmyer and Smith Above 50","category":"cross-league","publishedAt":"2026-07-07","finding":"Hetmyer (66.5) and Smith (56.0) lead MLC's career batting average table — both above 50 across at least 6 innings. 10 MLC batters career-average above 40.","numbers":[{"label":"Hetmyer (Texas Super Kings)","value":"avg 66.5 / SR 192.8","note":"399 runs, 6 innings"},{"label":"Smith (MI New York)","value":"avg 56.0 / SR 150.7","note":"504 runs, 9 innings"},{"label":"Pienaar","value":"avg 50.6 / SR 129.7","note":""},{"label":"Bravo","value":"avg 49.67 / SR 153.6","note":""},{"label":"Head","value":"avg 48.0 / SR 174.1","note":""},{"label":"Sample floor","value":"5+ innings","note":"For inclusion in average table"}],"whySurprising":"T20 career batting averages above 50 are rare. The format compresses averages — fast scoring, short innings, aggressive approaches produce more dismissals per run. In IPL 2026, Kohli's season average was 42.1. Hetmyer's MLC career average of 66.5 across 6 innings places him in rarefied air. Smith at 56.0 across 9 innings is not a small-sample artifact. MLC attracted proven global talent from its first season — the averages reflect batting depth at the top of the order against competitive international attacks.","scopeLimits":["MLC career figures (Cricsheet CC BY 3.0), all seasons 2023–2025. Minimum 5 innings for inclusion.","Different opposition quality, venue dimensions, and bowling attacks compared to IPL.","Small-sample caveat: Hetmyer (6 innings), Pienaar, and others have limited innings."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet MLC corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_season-stats-mlc.json, all seasons 2023–2025. Computed 2026-07-07."},{"slug":"gill-2023-890-runs","title":"Shubman Gill's 2023: 890 Runs, Era 3's Highest Season Total","category":"season","publishedAt":"2026-07-07","finding":"Shubman Gill scored 890 runs in IPL 2023 at average 59.33 and SR 158.9 — the highest single-season total of the 2019–2025 era across 17 innings.","numbers":[{"label":"Total runs (IPL 2023)","value":"890","note":"17 innings — Era 3 (2019–2025) record"},{"label":"Batting average","value":"59.33","note":""},{"label":"Strike rate","value":"158.9","note":""},{"label":"2023 season rank","value":"1st","note":"Top scorer in IPL 2023"},{"label":"2023 top wicket-taker","value":"28 wkts","note":"Mohammed Shami"},{"label":"2nd-highest Era 3 total","value":"863","note":"Jos Buttler, IPL 2022 (17 innings)"}],"whySurprising":"Era 3 (2019–2025) is IPL's highest-scoring era by average (161.0 per innings). Within it, individual season totals have climbed too. Gill's 890 in 2023 edges out Buttler's 863 (2022) as the era's biggest single-season haul. At 59.33 average across 17 innings, it combines volume and efficiency rarely seen in T20 cricket. Shami's 28 wickets that same season underlines the depth of the 2023 GT campaign across bat and ball.","scopeLimits":["Era 3 defined as IPL 2019–2025 (Cricsheet corpus). IPL 2026 excluded.","17 innings across the 2023 season including playoffs.","Season total, not career: Gill's all-seasons IPL aggregate is not compared here."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_ipl-historical-trend-data.json, IPL 2023 season data. Computed 2026-07-07. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"chinnaswamy-bowl-first-paradox","title":"Chinnaswamy: 90.1% Bowl First, to Near-Average Effect","category":"venue","publishedAt":"2026-07-14","finding":"Chinnaswamy: 90.1% of toss-winning captains elect to field — the highest of any major IPL venue — yet chasing teams win only 55.6% across 81 matches, 12 seasons.","numbers":[{"label":"Matches analysed","value":"81","note":"12 seasons (2008–2026)"},{"label":"% captains electing to field","value":"90.1%","note":"73 of 81 toss winners — highest major venue"},{"label":"Chase win rate","value":"55.6%","note":"45 of 81 matches"},{"label":"Win rate — toss-elect-field","value":"54.8%","note":"40 of 73"},{"label":"Win rate — toss-elect-bat","value":"37.5%","note":"3 of 8 — small sample"},{"label":"IPL-wide chase win rate","value":"54.2%","note":"Chinnaswamy is +1.4pp above baseline"}],"whySurprising":"A 90.1% bowl-first preference is unprecedented in the major IPL venue list — 9 of every 10 captains who win the toss here elect to field, making this the most lopsided captaincy consensus in the corpus. Yet the actual chase advantage (55.6%) is just 1.4 percentage points above the league baseline (54.2%). The conventional wisdom at Chinnaswamy is nearly universal; its payoff is nearly average. The small group who elected to bat (8 of 81) won only 37.5%, suggesting the preference is directionally correct — but wildly over-signalled.","scopeLimits":["Covers IPL 2008–2026 (Cricsheet corpus).","Only 8 matches where the toss winner elected to bat — high uncertainty for that sub-sample.","No adjustment for dew, pitch preparation, or team quality at Chinnaswamy."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). 81 matches at M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in docs/match/ipl-cs-*/. Computed 2026-07-14. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"mi-vs-rr-closest-rivalry","title":"MI vs RR: 16–14, the Closest Major IPL Rivalry","category":"rivalry","publishedAt":"2026-07-14","finding":"MI lead RR 16–14 across 30 IPL meetings — a 2-win margin over 16 seasons, the closest H2H of any major rivalry with 30+ meetings in the corpus.","numbers":[{"label":"Total meetings","value":"30","note":"0 no-results, 16 seasons"},{"label":"MI wins","value":"16","note":"53.3% win rate"},{"label":"RR wins","value":"14","note":"46.7% win rate"},{"label":"Win gap","value":"2 matches","note":"Smallest gap in any 30+-match IPL rivalry"},{"label":"CSK vs MI (39 games)","value":"3-match gap","note":"MI 21–18 CSK — 2nd closest"},{"label":"KKR vs MI (35 games)","value":"13-match gap","note":"MI 24–11 KKR — most lopsided"}],"whySurprising":"RR are the franchise with the smallest owner profile in the major-franchise group, yet they've come closest to H2H parity with MI — IPL's most-titled franchise (5 titles). Across 30 meetings, just 2 wins separate them. In contrast, KKR — who share the all-time title record — lose to MI at a 68.6% rate over 35 meetings. RR's historical nearness to MI is the quiet anomaly in the H2H data: underresourced franchise, closest record.","scopeLimits":["Covers IPL 2008–2026 (Cricsheet corpus). Includes only seasons where RR were active.","Playoff and final matches included at equal weight to league stage.","\"Major rivalry\" defined as ≥30 meetings between franchises active throughout the corpus period."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). All docs/match/ipl-cs-* with home/away teams MI and RR, 2008–2026. Computed 2026-07-14. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"ipl-2009-south-africa","title":"IPL 2009: The Season Played in South Africa, the Lowest-Scoring in 19 Years","category":"era","publishedAt":"2026-07-14","finding":"IPL 2009, relocated to South Africa, averaged 134.9 runs per innings — the lowest of any IPL season in the 19-year corpus, 38.7 runs below 2024's peak.","numbers":[{"label":"2009 season avg","value":"134.9 runs/innings","note":"Played in South Africa (57 matches)"},{"label":"Gap to 2024 peak (173.6)","value":"−38.7 runs","note":"Largest season-to-season swing in corpus"},{"label":"Era 1 avg (2008–2012)","value":"141.6 runs/innings","note":"2009 is 6.7 below its own era mean"},{"label":"Venues","value":"South Africa","note":"Cape Town, Centurion, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth"},{"label":"Reason for relocation","value":"India general election","note":"Scheduling conflict, April–May 2009"},{"label":"Only non-India IPL","value":"Yes","note":"Only IPL season played entirely outside India"}],"whySurprising":"The 2009 IPL was staged at South African venues after India's general election made hosting impossible. Conditions differed markedly: different pitch types, heavier outfields, cooler weather, and no subcontinental spin advantage. At 134.9 avg, it sits 6.7 runs below its own Era 1 mean (141.6) and 38.7 below the 2024 peak. It's the only IPL season below 135 runs per innings, and the only one played entirely outside India. No other season comes close to its distance from the modern baseline.","scopeLimits":["IPL 2009 figures cover matches at South African venues only — not representative of Indian venue conditions.","Season-level average (all innings). Individual team or venue breakdowns within 2009 not in scope here.","Comparing 2009 to modern seasons understates the venue-change effect."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_ipl-historical-trend-data.json, 2009 season records. Computed 2026-07-14. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"rashid-khan-mlc-economy","title":"Rashid Khan's MLC Economy: 6.48 Across 300 Balls","category":"cross-league","publishedAt":"2026-07-14","finding":"Rashid Khan's MLC career economy is 6.48 across 300 balls and 18 wickets — second-best in the league (Imad Wasim 6.41), consistent with his global T20 benchmark.","numbers":[{"label":"Rashid Khan (MLC career)","value":"eco 6.48 / 300 balls / 18 wkts","note":""},{"label":"Imad Wasim (best in MLC)","value":"eco 6.41 / 300 balls / 18 wkts","note":"1st"},{"label":"SP Narine (3rd)","value":"eco 6.56 / 342 balls / 17 wkts","note":""},{"label":"Mujeeb Ur Rahman (4th)","value":"eco 7.07 / 252 balls / 13 wkts","note":""},{"label":"Sample floor","value":"150+ balls","note":"Minimum for economy table"},{"label":"MLC economy baseline","value":"~8.2","note":"League-wide approx average"}],"whySurprising":"Economy rates below 7.0 in T20 cricket are rare. Rashid maintains 6.48 across 300 MLC balls — consistent with his global T20 reputation. The fact that all three top-economy MLC bowlers (Imad 6.41, Rashid 6.48, Narine 6.56) are international spinners signals a tactical premium on wrist-spin and mystery bowling in MLC: variation and control over pace. Together they are the economic backbone of three different MLC franchises, each delivering sub-6.6 economy while taking wickets at a meaningful rate.","scopeLimits":["MLC career figures (Cricsheet CC BY 3.0), all seasons 2023–2025. Minimum 150 balls bowled.","Does not cover IPL, T20I, or other league performance by these bowlers.","Economy computed as runs conceded / balls × 6. Wide and no-ball variations per Cricsheet encoding."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet MLC corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_season-stats-mlc.json, all seasons 2023–2025. Computed 2026-07-14."},{"slug":"buttler-ipl-2022-season","title":"Buttler's IPL 2022: 863 Runs, Era 3's Top Overseas Season","category":"season","publishedAt":"2026-07-14","finding":"Jos Buttler scored 863 runs in IPL 2022 at average 57.53 and SR 150.3 — the highest overseas-batter single-season total in IPL's 2019–2025 era, across 17 innings.","numbers":[{"label":"Total runs (IPL 2022)","value":"863","note":"17 innings"},{"label":"Batting average","value":"57.53","note":""},{"label":"Strike rate","value":"150.3","note":""},{"label":"2022 season rank","value":"1st","note":"Top scorer in IPL 2022"},{"label":"2022 top wicket-taker","value":"27 wkts","note":"Yuzvendra Chahal (RR)"},{"label":"Era 3 comparison","value":"863 vs 890","note":"Buttler 2022 vs Gill 2023 (Indian batter)"}],"whySurprising":"Buttler's 863 in 2022 is the highest single-season IPL total by an overseas batter in Era 3 (2019–2025). Gill's 890 in 2023 is the era benchmark overall — but Gill is Indian. As an imported slot, Buttler's 863 at 57.53 average represents one of the most efficient overseas contributions in recent IPL history. His campaign carried RR through their 2022 run, with Chahal's 27 wickets providing the bowling complement to Buttler's batting dominance.","scopeLimits":["Era 3 defined as IPL 2019–2025 (Cricsheet corpus). IPL 2026 excluded.","Overseas-batter claim: covers batters not playing under the Indian domestic quota.","17 innings across the 2022 season including playoffs."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_ipl-historical-trend-data.json, IPL 2022 season data. Computed 2026-07-14. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"eden-gardens-chase-paradox","title":"Eden Gardens: IPL's Best Chase Venue, Yet Captains Bowl Less Here","category":"venue","publishedAt":"2026-07-21","finding":"Eden Gardens: 57.6% chase win rate across 99 IPL matches — the highest of the major venues, yet captains elect to bowl here only 67.7% of the time.","numbers":[{"label":"Matches analysed","value":"99","note":"15 seasons (2008–2026)"},{"label":"Chase win rate","value":"57.6%","note":"57 of 99 — highest major venue (80+ matches)"},{"label":"% captains electing to field","value":"67.7%","note":"67 of 99 toss winners"},{"label":"Win rate — toss-elect-field","value":"56.7%","note":"38 of 67"},{"label":"Win rate — toss-elect-bat","value":"40.6%","note":"13 of 32"},{"label":"Chinnaswamy (comparison)","value":"90.1% bowl-first","note":"Chase rate only 55.6% — below Eden"}],"whySurprising":"Among major IPL venues with 80+ matches, Eden Gardens has the highest chase win rate (57.6%) — yet captains elect to bowl first here at only 67.7%, the lowest rate among standard bowl-first venues. Chinnaswamy captains bowl first 90.1% of the time, for a 55.6% chase win rate. Eden captains are more cautious, yet the venue rewards chasing more. The gap between captaincy preference and venue data is sharpest at Eden Gardens of any venue in the corpus.","scopeLimits":["Covers IPL 2008–2026 (Cricsheet corpus).","\"Major venues with 80+ matches\" excludes Narendra Modi Stadium (44 matches).","Chepauk excluded from comparison because it is a bat-first venue (different dynamic)."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). 99 matches at Eden Gardens in docs/match/ipl-cs-*/. Computed 2026-07-21. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"ipl-2025-second-peak","title":"IPL 2025: The Second-Highest-Scoring Season Confirms a New Baseline","category":"era","publishedAt":"2026-07-21","finding":"IPL 2025 averaged 171.0 runs per innings — the second-highest season in the 19-year corpus, just 2.6 below 2024's record 173.6, making high scoring a structural baseline.","numbers":[{"label":"IPL 2025 avg","value":"171.0 runs/innings","note":"74 matches"},{"label":"2024 (highest)","value":"173.6","note":"Gap to 2025: 2.6 runs"},{"label":"2023 (3rd highest)","value":"165.1","note":"Gap to 2025: 5.9 runs"},{"label":"2022 (4th)","value":"155.8","note":""},{"label":"Era 3 avg (2019–2025)","value":"161.0","note":"2025 is 10 above era mean"},{"label":"2009 (lowest in corpus)","value":"134.9","note":"Gap to 2025: 36.1 runs"}],"whySurprising":"A single extreme season (2024: 173.6) could be dismissed as an outlier. 2025 at 171.0 makes that dismissal impossible — the two highest-scoring seasons in IPL history are back-to-back. The Era 3 average (161.0) already sat 19.4 runs above Era 1 (141.6). Now 2024–25 are 10–12 runs above even that elevated era mean. The bottom of the scoring range has lifted: the IPL's worst team on a bad night in 2024–25 likely scores more than the 2009 season average.","scopeLimits":["Covers Cricsheet IPL corpus 2008–2026.","Season averages per batting innings. League stage and playoffs included.","2009 comparison understates the venue effect (South Africa vs Indian subcontinent)."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet IPL corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_ipl-historical-trend-data.json. Computed 2026-07-21. Script: scripts/build-ipl-historical-trend-data.mjs."},{"slug":"pooran-mlc-most-prolific","title":"Nicholas Pooran: MLC's Most Prolific High-Average Batter","category":"cross-league","publishedAt":"2026-07-21","finding":"Nicholas Pooran: 928 MLC career runs at average 42.18 and SR 145.0 across 28 innings — the highest run total among MLC batters averaging above 40.","numbers":[{"label":"Pooran (career, all MLC seasons)","value":"928 runs / 28 innings","note":"avg 42.18 / SR 145.0"},{"label":"Smith (2nd by runs, avg 40+)","value":"504 runs / 9 innings","note":"avg 56.0 — fewer innings"},{"label":"Hetmyer (avg 66.5, 6 innings)","value":"399 runs","note":"Highest avg, far fewer innings"},{"label":"Bravo (avg 49.67)","value":"~300 runs","note":"Fewer innings than Pooran"},{"label":"Head (avg 48.0)","value":"~290 runs","note":"Fewer innings"},{"label":"Sample floor","value":"5+ innings","note":"For inclusion in average table"}],"whySurprising":"Volume and average rarely coexist in T20 cricket: players with the most innings tend to see averages regress toward the mean as dismissals accumulate. Pooran maintains 42.18 across 28 innings — by far the most innings among MLC batters averaging 40+. He is the only player in MLC's first three seasons to combine a 40+ average with a 900+ run total. His durability across three seasons makes him MLC's most reliable high-average accumulator.","scopeLimits":["MLC career figures (Cricsheet CC BY 3.0), all seasons 2023–2025. Minimum 5 innings for inclusion.","Run total does not confirm Pooran leads all MLC run-scorers — only among those averaging 40+.","Different opposition quality and venue dimensions compared to IPL."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet MLC corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_season-stats-mlc.json, all seasons 2023–2025. Computed 2026-07-21."},{"slug":"ferreira-mlc-fastest-scorer","title":"Daryn Ferreira: MLC's Fastest Scorer with a 40+ Average","category":"cross-league","publishedAt":"2026-07-21","finding":"Daryn Ferreira's MLC career SR is 213.8 across 9 innings (248 runs, avg 41.33) — the highest strike rate of any MLC batter averaging above 40 with 5+ innings.","numbers":[{"label":"Ferreira (career, MLC)","value":"SR 213.8 / avg 41.33","note":"248 runs, 9 innings — Texas Super Kings"},{"label":"Hetmyer (highest avg, 40+)","value":"SR 192.8 / avg 66.5","note":"6 innings — lower SR despite higher avg"},{"label":"Head (SR comparison)","value":"SR 174.1 / avg 48.0","note":""},{"label":"Bravo (SR comparison)","value":"SR 153.6 / avg 49.67","note":""},{"label":"Pooran (most innings, 40+)","value":"SR 145.0 / avg 42.18","note":"28 innings — similar avg, lower SR"},{"label":"Sample floor","value":"5+ innings","note":"For inclusion in SR/avg combined table"}],"whySurprising":"In T20 cricket, strike rates above 200 are typically associated with late-order sloggers (high SR, low average) or powerplay openers exploiting field restrictions. Ferreira achieves SR 213.8 with a 41.33 average across 9 innings — a combination that places him as the outlier in MLC's top-10 average list: the player with the highest strike rate who still maintains a 40+ average. His innings can change a match in minutes, with the data showing he does it consistently enough to maintain average quality.","scopeLimits":["MLC career figures (Cricsheet CC BY 3.0), 2023–2025. 9-innings sample (small-sample caveat applies).","Two more low-scoring innings would compress the average meaningfully below 40.","Texas Super Kings franchise context only — not compared to his other T20 league performances."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of Cricsheet MLC corpus (CC BY 3.0). data/_season-stats-mlc.json, all seasons 2023–2025. Computed 2026-07-21."},{"slug":"suryavanshi-ipl-2026-debut","title":"Suryavanshi's IPL 2026: 776 Runs, SR 237.31, Orange Cap on Debut","category":"season","publishedAt":"2026-07-21","finding":"Vaibhav Suryavanshi: 776 runs, SR 237.31 in IPL 2026 — Orange Cap in his debut IPL season, 101 runs ahead of Virat Kohli (675) in the scoring charts.","numbers":[{"label":"Total runs (IPL 2026)","value":"776","note":"Orange Cap winner"},{"label":"Strike rate","value":"237.31","note":"Highest among all top-10 scorers in IPL 2026"},{"label":"Gap to 2nd (Kohli)","value":"101 runs","note":"Kohli 675 across 16 matches"},{"label":"IPL debut season","value":"2026","note":"First IPL campaign"},{"label":"Team","value":"Rajasthan Royals","note":""},{"label":"Season context","value":"RCB champions","note":"GT 155/8 vs RCB 161/5, 2026-06-01"}],"whySurprising":"A strike rate of 237.31 across enough deliveries to lead an entire IPL season in runs (776) is without precedent in the corpus. Previous Orange Cap winners combined high volume with moderate strike rates: Gill 2023 (890 runs, SR 158.9), Buttler 2022 (863, SR 150.3), Kohli 2016 (973, SR ~150). Suryavanshi's 2026 campaign represents a new operating point: not just scoring fast, but leading the season's run charts while scoring faster than any other top-10 batter in IPL 2026. An IPL debut season at this statistical profile is unique in the 19-year corpus.","scopeLimits":["IPL 2026 only (73 played matches; 1 match abandoned). All figures from CricketStudio aggregation of IPL 2026 ball-by-ball.","Strike rate comparison is within IPL 2026 top-10 scorers only — not a historical SR leaderboard.","Debut season context: this is his first IPL campaign, not his first T20 season overall."],"provenance":"CricketStudio aggregation of IPL 2026 ball-by-ball data. data/_season-stats.json. Season total: 73 played matches (74 scheduled, 1 no-result). 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